Lesson 4

In the name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful.

Assalamu'alaikum and greetings to all.


LESSON 4 NOMINALS : PLURALITY ( NUMBERS )

1. In Arabic, the nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs have three numbers: singular, dual and plural.
2. The adjectives and verbs should agreewith the nouns and pronouns in respect of number, gender, definiteness and case ending.
3. There are two kinds of plurals:
1. the sound plural (jama’ salim) which retains all the vowels and the consonants of the singular and is based on its pattern.
2. the broken plural (jama’ taksir) which varies very much from its singular. Has more than 30 patterns.
4. The tables 6, 7 and 8 below show how the dual and the plural are formed from the singular. The letter / ending in red is the sign ofnominative,   مرفوع   (marfu’),accusative,   منصوب   (mansub) and genetive,   مجرور   (majrur) for each respective category.
1. Nominative, مرفوع (marfu’)with :
1. Dhommah for singular nouns (isim mufrad ),sound feminine plural nouns( isim jamak muannath salim )and broken plural nouns (isim jamak taksir).
2. Alif for dual nouns (isim muthanna ).
3. Wau for sound masculine plural nouns (isim jamak muzakkar salim).
2. Accusative, منصوب (mansub) with:
1. Fathah for singular nouns (isim mufrad ) and broken plural nouns (isim jamak taksir ).
2. Yafor dual nouns (isim muthanna )andsound masculine plural nouns (isim jamak muzakkar salim).
3. Kasrah for sound feminine plural nouns ( isim jamak muannath salim )
3. Genetive, مجرور (majrur) with :
1. Kasrah for singular nouns (isim mufrad ), sound feminine plural nouns ( isim jamak muannath salim ) and broken plural nouns (isim jamak taksir ).
2. Ya for dual nouns (isim muthanna ) and sound masculine plural nouns (isim jamak muzakkar salim).

TABLE 6

SOUND MASCULINE PLURAL :JAMA’ MUZAKKAR SALIM:جمع مذكر سالم
MARFU’ :مرفوع			MANSUB :منصوب			MAJRUR :مجرور
singular مفرد	dual مثنى	plural جمع	singular مفرد	dual مثنى	plural جمع	singular مفرد	dual مثنى	plural جمع
	+انِ	+ونَ		+ينِ	+ينَ		+ينِ	+ينَ
مُسْلِمٌ	مُسْلِمَانِ	مُسْلِمُوْنَ	مُسْلِمًا	مُسْلِمَيْنِ	مُسْلِمِيْنَ	مُسْلِمٍ	مُسْلِمَيْنِ	مُسْلِمِيْنَ

TABLE 7

SOUND FEMININE PLURAL :JAMA’ MUANNATH SALIM :جمع مؤنث سالم
MARFU’ :مرفوع			MANSUB :منصوب			MAJRUR :مجرور
singular مفرد	dual مثنى	plural جمع	singular مفرد	dual مثنى	plural جمع	singular مفرد	dual مثنى	plural جمع
	+انِ	- ـة+اتٌ		+ينِ	- ـة+اتٍ		+ينِ	- ـة+اتٍ
مُسْلِمَةٌ	مُسْلِمَتَانِ	مُسْلِمَاتٌ	مُسْلِمَةً	مُسْلِمَتَيْنِ	مُسْلِمَاتٍ	مُسْلِمَةٍ	مُسْلِمَتَيْنِ	مُسْلِمَاتٍ

TABLE 8

(1 PATTERN OF) BROKEN PLURAL : JAMA’ TAKSIR : جمع التكسر
MARFU’ :مرفوع			MANSUB :منصوب			MAJRUR :مجرور
singular مفرد	dual مثنى	plural جمع	singular مفرد	dual مثنى	plural جمع	singular مفرد	dual مثنى	plural جمع
	+انِ			+ينِ			+ينِ
كِتَابٌ	كِتَابَانِ	كُتُبٌ	كِتَابًا	كِتَابَيْنِ	كُتُبًا	كِتَابٍ	كِتَابَيْنِ	كُتُبٍ

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