Lesson 1

In the name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful.

Assalamu'alaikum and greetings to all.


LESSON 1 PARTS OF SPEECH : INTRODUCTION

1. A sentence is formed by a group of words and conveys complete sense.
2. Arab Grammarians have divided the parts of speech or sentence into three categories : Nominals, Verbs and Particles. Kindly see the following table 1 and appendix 1 (please click EQUIVALENT IN ENGLISH)

TABLE 1 PARTS OF SPEECH

CATEGORIES	EQUIVALENT IN ENGLISH	REMARKS
Nominals إِسْمٌ ( Ismun)	Nouns Pronouns Adjectives	Arabic nominals are divided into two categories of gender : masculine and feminine. The nominals have three numbers : singular, dual and plural. Among ways to recognise nominals in the Al-Quran : preceded by اَلْ (alif lam) for definite nominals ends with nunation ( tanwin) i.e ٌ, ً, ٍ for indefinite nominals the word preceding the definite nominal is also a nominal preceded by harf jar ( one type of the particles ) v. no prefix ت (ta), ا (alif), ن (nun) or ي (ya) which are the signs of the imperfect tense and ends with ونَ ( wau nun) or ات (alif ta) or انِ (alif nun).
Verbs فِعْلٌ ( Fi’lun )	Verbs	Verbs have three aspects : the perfect, فعل مَاضِىٌ ( fi’il madhi ), denoting a completed action ( roughly corresponds to the past tense in English ). the imperfect, مُضَارِعٌ فعل ( fi’il mudhori’ ), denoting an incomplete action ( roughly corresponds to the present or present continuous or future tenses in English ). the imperative, أَمْرٌ فعل ( fi’il amar ), signifying a command or request or a prohibition
Particles حَرْفٌ ( Harfun )	Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections	80 in total : 63 of which is accusative i.e. it changes the ending of the words that come after it and 17 is non-accusative. Harfun are divided into many categories.

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