Lesson 18

In the name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful.

Assalamu'alaikum and greetings to all.


LESSON 18 NOUNS DERIVED FROM VERBS

Arab Grammarians have classified nouns into three groups, which are as follows :

1. إِسْمٌ اَلْمَصْدَرُ( ism almasdar ), ‘the verbal noun’. Its features are :
1. it expresses the verbal idea in the form of a noun.
2. it is the root of a word from which proceed the verb and its derivatives.
3. the radical letters of verbs are adopted from it.
Kindly see Table 45 below for some examples.
TABLE 45 ISM ALMASDAR

No	ISM ALMASDAR	TRANSLITERATION	ENGLISH
a	فَتْحٌ	fathun	opening
b	فَرَحٌ	farahun	happiness
c	مَرَضٌ	maradhun	malady



2. إِسْمٌ اَلْجَامِدُ( ism aljamid ) is a noun which is ‘incapable of growth’ or ‘stationary’ i.e. it is neither derived from any word nor any word is derived from it. Kindly see Table 46 below for some examples.

TABLE 46 ISM ALJAMID

No	ISM ALJAMID	TRANSLITERATION	ENGLISH
a	رَجُلٌ	rajulun	man
b	فَرَسٌ	farasun	horse



3. إِسْمٌ اَلْمُشْتَقُ( ism almushtaq ) is a noun which is derived from a verbal root. There are six forms of such nouns, which are as follows :
1. إِسْمٌ اَلْفَاعِلُ( ism alfa’il ), the active participle, denotes the person who does the act. Kindly see Table 47 below for some examples.

TABLE 47 ISM ALFA’IL

No	FI’IL MADHI	ENGLISH	ISM ALFA’IL	ENGLISH
a	فَعَلَ fa’ala	He did.	فَاعِلٌ fa’ilun	A doer
b	كَتَبَ kataba	He wrote.	كَاتِبٌ katibun	A writer



2. إِسْمٌ اَلْمَفْعُوْلُ (ism almaf’ul), the passive participle, denotes the person or a thing towards which the action is extended. Kindly see Table 48 below for some examples.

TABLE 48 ISM ALMAF’UL

No	FI’IL MADHI	ENGLISH	ISM ALMAF’UL	ENGLISH
a	فَعَلَ fa’ala	He did.	مَفْعُوْلٌ maf’ulun	A thing done
b	كَتَبَ kataba	He wrote.	مَكْتُوْبٌ maktubun	written



3. اَلصِّفَةُ اَلْمُشَبِهَةُ بِإِسْمِ اَلْفَاعِلُ ( assifat almushabihat bi-ism alfa’il ), are adjectives which are assimilated to the active participle. They are formed from the intransitive verb and express a quality inherent and permanent in a person or thing without limitation. They are used to convey a certain degree of intensity. Kindly see Table 49 below for some examples.

TABLE 49 ASSIMILATED ADJECTIVES

No	VERB	ENGLISH	ASSIMILATED ADJECTIVES	ENGLISH
a	صَلُبَ soluba	harden	صُلْبُ sulbu	hard
b	سَوَّدَ sauwada	blacken	اَ سْوَدْ aswad	black



4. تَفْضِيْلٌ إِسْمٌ ( ism tafdhil ), the noun of pre-eminence, is used to illustrate the degrees of comparison. Kindly see Table 50 below for some examples.

TABLE 50 ISM TAFDHIL

No	ADJECTIVES	ENGLISH	ISM TAFDHIL	ENGLISH
a	سَرِيْعٌ sari’un	fast	أَ سْرَعُ asra’u	faster
b	قَرِيْبٌ qaribun	near	أَقْرَبُ aqrabu	nearer



5. اَلْاَلَةٌإِسْمٌ ( ism al-alat ), the noun of instrument, denotes the instrument that one uses in performing the act ( expressed by a verb ). It has three different forms. Kindly see Table 51 below for some examples.

TABLE 51 ISM AL-ALAT

No	FI’IL MADHI	ENGLISH	ISM AL-ALAT		ENGLISH
a	فَعَلَ fa’ala	He did	-		-
b	زَرَعَ zara’a	He cultivated	مِفْعَلٌ mif’alun	مِزْرَعٌ mizra’un	A plough
c	كَنَسَ kanasa	He swept	مِفْعَلَةٌ mif’alatun	مِكْنَسَةٌ miknasatun	A broom
d	فَتَحَ fataha	He opened	مِفْعَالٌ mif’aalun	مِفْتَاحٌ miftahun	A key



6. إِسْمٌ ظَرْفٌ ( ism zorf ), a noun of time or place, which indicates the time or place ofoccurrence of the act. Kindly see Table 52 below for some examples.

TABLE 52 ISM ZORF

No	VERB	ENGLISH	ISM ZORF	ENGLISH
a	سَجَدَ sajada	He prostrated. ( in prayer )	مَسْجِدٌ masjid	mosque ( where prayer is offered )
b	شُرُوْقٌ shuruq	Sun rose	مَشْرِقٌ mashriq	east ( where the sun rises )

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