Lesson 11

In the name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful.

Assalamu'alaikum and greetings to all.


LESSON 11 VERBS : FI’IL AMAR

1. As mentioned earlier, verbs have three aspects. One of them is the imperative, أَمْرٌ فعل ( fi’il amar ), signifying a command or request or a prohibition.
2. The imperative is formed from the imperfect second person. Rules for making the imperative are as in Table 22 below.

TABLE 22 RULES FOR MAKING THE IMPERATIVE

1)	Look at the letter after the sign of the imperfect tense	Has a vowel sign	Has no vowel sign	Has no vowel sign	Has no vowel sign
2)	Look at the vowel of the second radical	-	ُ (dhommah)	َ (fathah)	ِ (kasrah)
3)	Imperfect second person	تَزِنُ	تَكْرُمُ	تَفْتَحُ	تَجْلِسُ
		tazinu	takrumu	taftahu	tajlisu
4)	English	you weigh	you honour	you open	you sit
5)	Then the sign of the imperfect tense	is dropped	is dropped	is dropped	is dropped
6)	To the beginning	-	add أ	add إ	add إ
7)	أ gets	-	ُ (dhommah)	ِ (kasrah)	ِ (kasrah)
8)	The last letter gets	ْ (sukun)	ْ (sukun)	ْ (sukun)	ْ (sukun)
9)	Imperative	زِنْ	أُكْرُمْ	إِفْتَحْ	إِجْلِسْ
		zin	ukrum	iftah	ijlis
10)	English	Weigh!	Honour!	Open!	Sit!



3. After adopting the above procedures, if any of the weak letters, ا,و,ي are found at the end, they are also dropped. So is ن , which is used as a vowel.
4. Kindly see table 23 and table 24 below for the conjugation of the imperatives.

TABLE 23 THE IMPERATIVES, أَمْرٌ فعل , FI’IL AMAR

PERSON	GENDER	PLURALITY	IMPERFECT TENSE		IMPERATIVES		ENGLISH
مخاطب ( Mukhatob ) SECOND PERSON	مذكر Masculine	مفرد Singular	تَفْعَلُ	taf’alu	إِفْـعَـلْ	if’al	You do !
		مثنى Dual	تَفْعَلَانِ	taf’alani	إِفْـعَـلَا	if’alaa	You (two) do !
		جمع Plural	تَفْعَلُونَ	taf’aluna	إِفْـعَـلُوا	if’alu	You (all) do !
	مؤنث Feminine	مفرد Singular	تَفْعَلِينَ	taf’alina	إِفْـعَـلِى	if’ali	You do !
		مثنى Dual	تَفْعَلَانِ	taf’alani	إِفْـعَـلَا	if’alaa	You (two) do !
		جمع Plural	تَفْعَلْنَ	taf’alna	إِفْـعَـلْنَ	if’alna	You (all) do !


TABLE 24 EXAMPLES OF THE IMPERATIVES, أَمْرٌ فعل , FI’IL AMAR

PERSON	GENDER	PLURALITY	IMPERFECT TENSE		IMPERATIVES		ENGLISH
مخاطب ( Mukhatob ) SECOND PERSON	مذكر Masculine	مفرد Singular	تَنْصُرُ	tansuru	اُنْصُرْ	unsur	You help !
		مثنى Dual	تَنْصُرَانِ	tansurani	اُنْصُرَا	unsura	You ( two) help !
		جمع Plural	تَنْصُرُونَ	tansuruna	اُنْصُرُوا	unsuru	You (all) help !
	مؤنث Feminine	مفرد Singular	تَنْصُرِينَ	tansurina	اُنْصُرِي	unsuri	You help !
		مثنى Dual	تَنْصُرَانِ	tansurani	اُنْصُرَا	unsura	You ( two) help !
		جمع Plural	تَنْصُرْنَ	tansurna	اُنْصُرْنَ	unsurna	You (all) help !

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